1. ailerons - the moveable flaps on wings
2. elevators - the moveable flaps on the flat tail assembly
3. rudder - the moveable flap on the vertical (upright) tail assembly

If the pilot moves the stick or yoke to the right, the left aileron moves down and the right aileron moves up. This makes the left wing rise and the right wing lower. The plane will begin to turn (this is called a bank or roll). The pilot will also use the rudder to help turn the plane (this is called yaw).

The pilot turns the rudder by pressing on pedals near the floor of the cockpit. The right foot makes the rudder point to the right. The airplane will begin to turn to the right (because the air flow pushes the tail to the left). The left pedal turns the aircraft to the left.

The elevator flaps move up or down. They make the nose of the airplane move up or down. If the elevators move up, the airplane nose will start going up (this is called pitch). Lift increases and the whole airplane starts to rise higher.